This people is first heard of in the tenth century. The
title of the leader was _Hetman_; the office was elective and the
government was democratic. The Cossacks have been noted always as
fierce fighters and are valuable subjects of the czar. The _Bashkirs_
(l. 18) are Mongolians and nomadic in their habits.
3 18. Ouchim was evidently a mountain pass in the Ural range
(compare p. 37, l. 18).
3 19. Torgau, spelled also _Torgai_ by De Quincey, though elsewhere
_Turgai_, indicates a district east of the Ural mountains; it is also
the name of the principal city of that district.
3 20. Khan. A Tartar title meaning chief or governor.
3 22. Lake of Tengis. Lake Balkash is meant. Compare p. 56, l. 18,
and note thereon.
3 23. Zebek-Dorchi. One of the principal characters in the following
narrative.
3 32. Kalmucks. A branch of the Mongolian family of peoples, divided
into four tribes, and dwelling in the Chinese Empire, western Siberia,
and southeastern Russia. They were nomads, adherents of a form of
Buddhism, and number over 200,000.--_Century Cyclopedia of Names._
4 12. exasperated. As an illustration of the discriminating use of
words, explain the difference in meaning of _exasperated_ and
_irritated_ (l. 19); also point out the fitness of the word _inflated_
in the phrase (l. 13).
5 23. rival. Why "_almost_ a competitor"? What is the meaning of
each word?
5 32. odius. Is there any gain in force by adding _repulsive_?
6 5. Machiavelian.
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